| Solar panel | Solar array serve as devices that change sunlight to electricity using photovoltaic cells. These are an eco-friendly and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a apparatus that captures sunlight to generate heat, typically used for hot water production or space heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sun rays to generate warmth, which can be used for water heating systems, space heating, or electricity production. It is a renewable and eco-friendly technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | England is a historic nation in the UK known for its rich cultural heritage, notable attractions, and lively cities like London. It boasts a varied scenery of undulating terrain, historic forts, and lively city hubs that blend tradition with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Daylight is the natural illumination emitted by the sun, vital for existence on Earth as it offers energy for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electrical power is a type of energy resulting from the movement of ions, primarily negatively charged particles. It powers numerous appliances and networks, enabling modern life and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into power using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable power source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a reversed electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the one-way flow of electric charge, generally produced by battteries, power supplies, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a consistent voltage or current, causing it necessary for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A battery is a unit that accumulates chemical energy and converts it into electrical energy to operate various electronic gadgets. It includes one or more galvanic cells, each housing positive and negative electrodes divided by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | An photovoltaic system converts solar radiation directly into power using solar panels made of solar cells. It is an eco-friendly power option that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and promotes sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a instrument that converts DC created by solar panels into alternating current (AC) fit for domestic use and grid connection. It is essential for enhancing energy performance and providing safe, consistent power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | AC is an electric current that reverses polarity periodically, usually used in domestic and business power supplies. It allows for efficient transmission of electricity over great lengths and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A power management device is a device that manages the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and damage. It guarantees efficient energy transfer and prolongs the lifespan of the battery bank. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a device used to ascertain the extent, amount, or intensity of something accurately. It includes instruments like scales, thermometers, and pressure gauges that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a system that instantaneously the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement across the day, maximizing energy absorption. This innovation boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar power plants are huge plants that harness sunlight to create electricity using numerous solar panels. They provide a green and eco-friendly energy power, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and lowering carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves placing photovoltaic solar panels on building rooftops to produce electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps cut down on reliance on non-renewable fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-integrated solar energy setup changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A space-based solar power system is an artificial satellite equipped with solar panels that absorb sunlight and generate power. This energy is then sent wirelessly to the planet's surface for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions store excess energy generated from renewable sources or the grid for subsequent consumption, boosting energy independence and efficiency. These systems typically utilize batteries to provide backup energy, lower energy costs, and aid grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar panels tracks the progress and improvements in solar energy technology from the early invention of the solar effect to contemporary advanced solar panels. It highlights significant milestones, including the development of the initial silicon solar cell in 1954 and ongoing developments that have substantially improved energy conversion and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French-born physicist by profession renowned for his pioneering work in the study of the photoelectric effect and luminescence. His experiments laid the groundwork for comprehending how radiation interacts with certain substances to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrical engineer and scientist known for finding out the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His work formed the basis for the development of the photoconductive cell and progress in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free framework used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an United States inventor who developed the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His groundbreaking work established the basis for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | A coal-fired power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce steam that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor. His work formed the basis of modern solar energy technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a famous research and development organization traditionally associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in telecommunications, computer science, and materials research. It has been the source of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, famous for its key role in the manufacturing of electronics and solar modules. It is a tough, brittle crystalline material with a blue-grey metallic luster, primarily used as a semiconductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a little component installed on each photovoltaic panel to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This approach improves system efficiency, enables enhanced performance monitoring, and increases energy production in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar panel is a component that transforms sunlight straight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is commonly used in solar arrays to provide a green and sustainable energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that delivers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | An photon is a elementary particle that represents a packet of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, transporting energy and momentum and energy without containing rest mass. It plays a key role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the phenomenon by which specific substances transform sunlight immediately into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the fundamental foundation behind solar panel systems, allowing the capturing of solar sunlight for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a fine slice of chip material, usually silicon, used as the foundation for manufacturing integrated circuits. It serves as the primary platform where integrated circuits are built through methods like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic devices due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its structured, orderly crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar power system characterized by their light, bendable structure, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a reduced expense. They use strata of semiconductor substances a few micrometers thick to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the mass of building components and stationary equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as occupants, furnishings, and external influences. Both are important considerations in engineering design to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components in a line, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits join components across the same voltage source, permitting various paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's total resistance, current spread, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrical energy refers to the speed at which electricity flows by an electrical circuit, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. Produced through diverse origins such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and green energy, and is essential for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A measure of power is a standard of energy conversion in the International System of Units, representing the speed of energy transfer or conversion. It is equivalent to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electrical voltage difference between two points, which causes the movement of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and indicates the energy per single charge accessible to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A electromotive force is the derived unit of electric potential, voltage difference, and electromotive force in the International System of Units. It measures the potential energy per charge unit between two points in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric flow is the flow of electric charge through a conductor wire, typically measured in amperes. It is essential for powering electronic devices and facilitating the operation of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Ampere represents the unit of electrical current in the International System of Units, represented by A. It indicates the movement of electrical charge through a conductor over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the amount of electrical power or current demanded by devices and Electrical load in a circuit. It influences the configuration and capacity of power systems to maintain secure and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A junction box is an electrical enclosure used to safely house wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a secure and trustworthy manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power offers a convenient and standardized method of providing electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is often used for powering and supplying a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A power converter is a instrument that changes direct current (DC) from inputs like batteries or solar arrays into AC suitable for home devices. It permits the use of standard electrical devices in settings where only direct current electricity is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | A battery pack functions as a collection of numerous individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically adjust the angle of photovoltaic panels to track the sun movement throughout the day, maximizing solar energy capture. This system improves the performance of solar energy collection by keeping ideal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to enhance the power generation of photovoltaic systems by constantly tuning the performance point to match the maximum power point of the solar cells. This procedure provides the most efficient power harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | A power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by separately enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a instrument that monitors and analyzes the efficiency of solar panel systems in live, offering valuable data on power output and system status. It assists enhance solar energy output by spotting issues promptly and securing optimal performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are thin, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are commonly used in solar arrays to generate electricity for homes, devices, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of numerous small silicon crystals, typically used in photovoltaic panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its creation involves fusing and reforming silicon to create a high-purity, polycrystalline type fit for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a premium form of silicon with a continuous lattice framework, making it highly efficient for use in photovoltaic modules and electronic components. Its homogeneous formation allows for enhanced charge movement, resulting in superior efficiency compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics represent a type of film solar technology that offers a affordable and effective option for massive solar energy harvesting. They are known as their excellent absorption efficiency and moderately low manufacturing costs versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are laminate photovoltaic devices that utilize a layered compound of copper, indium, Ga, and selenium to turn sunlight into electricity efficiently. They are known for their excellent absorption performance, bendability, and capability for compact, cost-effective solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a non-ordered molecular configuration, making it more flexible and easier to deposit than structured silicon. It is frequently used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic components due to its economic advantage and versatile properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic panels aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and innovative techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, cutting costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar panels are cutting-edge photovoltaic modules that use several p-n connections stacked in unison to collect a wider range of the solar spectrum, significantly boosting their efficiency. They are primarily employed in space applications and high-performance solar power systems due to their excellent energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels serve as crucial elements that generate solar radiation into electricity to operate onboard equipment. They are typically lightweight, durable, and crafted to function effectively in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metallic component, used in fast electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor famous for its high electron mobility and performance in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV use optics or mirrors to direct sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-junction solar cells, substantially improving energy transformation efficiency. This approach is suitable for large-scale solar power plants in zones with direct sunlight, delivering a cost-effective approach for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Thin-film silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and flexible form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of copper indium gallium selenide as the solar semiconductor, known for excellent energy conversion and adaptability. They offer a portable, budget-friendly alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with excellent performance in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film refers to a very thin layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in diverse technological applications. These films are vital in electronic devices, light manipulation, and coverings for their special physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a eco-friendly and economical energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A coating is a sheet of material covering fractions of a nanometer to multiple micrometers in dimension, often applied to surfaces for functional purposes. These coatings are used in multiple sectors, including electronics industry, optics, and healthcare, to change surface traits or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nanometers are measurement units equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to illustrate minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in fields like nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Calipers are accurate gauges used to accurately measure small distances or thicknesses, generally in manufacturing and manufacturing. They feature a scaled screw system that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a narrow, circular piece of silicon crystal used as the platform for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It serves as the basic material in the creation of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film solar units recognized for their high efficiency and adaptability, perfect for diverse applications. They use a multilayer semiconductor architecture that transforms sunlight directly into electricity with excellent efficiency in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a form of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is recognized for being affordable and having a comparatively high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert sun rays directly into energy using solar panels, supplying a green energy source for residential, industrial, and grid applications. They provide a eco-friendly, sustainable, and affordable way to cut down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reduce CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that transforms sunlight into power using a light-sensitive dye to absorb light and produce electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and adaptable alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with potential for transparent and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the potential for cost-effective, adaptable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are solar cells that employ organic materials, to convert solar radiation into electric power. They are compact, pliable, and offer the potential for lower-cost, large-area solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a advantageous photovoltaic substance used in thin-film solar panels due to its abundant and safe elements. Its excellent optical-electronic properties make it an desirable option for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of construction components, such as roof surfaces, outer walls, and windows. This innovative approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining design elegance and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to pass through a material bearing minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency permits light to diffuse through, hiding detailed view but yet still permitting shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Window tinting involves placing a thin film to the interior or exterior of cars or structures panes to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It boosts privacy, increases energy efficiency, and provides a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of photovoltaic power stations overview various large-scale solar energy installations around the world, highlighting their power and sites. These plants play a vital role in green energy production and international efforts to lower carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are massive facilities that turn sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. They play a vital role in sustainable power creation, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of issues such as waste, climate change, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote eco-friendly methods and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Green energy comes from natural sources that are renewably sourced, such as the sun, breezes, and water. It offers a eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels, reducing environmental impact and enhancing sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as bituminous coal, crude oil, and natural gas, are finite resources formed over extensive periods and are consumed when used. They are the chief energy sources for power production and mobility but pose ecological and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various power sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and sustainable resources into electrical power. This process typically occurs in electricity plants where turbines and generators work together to produce electric current for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, toxic elements such as lead, quicksilver, Cd, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency indicates how well a photovoltaic device generates sunlight into convertible power. Improving this Solar-cell efficiency is essential for optimizing renewable energy generation and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metal surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This occurrence provided critical proof for the development of quantum theory by showing that photon energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves exposing products to higher-than-normal stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar energy systems has sped up rapidly over the past decade, driven by technological advancements and reducing prices. This development is transforming the world energy sector by boosting the percentage of sustainable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power facilities intended to generate electricity on a industrial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover vast areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A optic is a transparent device that bends light to focus or spread out rays, forming images. It is often used in devices like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an incoming light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a coating applied to lens surfaces to cut down on glare and improve light transmission. It boosts the sharpness and illumination of screens by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when two waves meet in a manner that their wave heights negate each other, resulting in a diminution or complete elimination of the combined wave. This occurrence generally happens when these waves are phase-shifted by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current is an electric current that changes polarity, commonly employed in electrical distribution networks. The voltage fluctuates in a sinusoidal pattern over time, enabling cost-effective transfer over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A microinverter is a tiny component used to convert DC from a individual solar module into alternating current (AC) suitable for home applications. It boosts system performance by enhancing energy production at the panel level and streamlines installation and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | Alternating current power, or AC electrical energy, is electricity delivered through a system where the voltage level and electric flow regularly reverse polarity, enabling optimized transmission over vast spans. It is commonly used in residences and commercial sectors to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A direct current connector is a category of electrical plug used to deliver direct current (DC) power from a energy source to an device. It usually consists of a tube-shaped plug and jack that guarantee a reliable and consistent link for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a global protection approval agency that tests and approves products to ensure they adhere to certain protection standards. It assists consumers and businesses find trustworthy and safe products through thorough review and analysis procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Serial circuits are electrical circuits in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this configuration, the constant electric current passes through all elements, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electrical circuits where parts are connected across the same voltage source, giving multiple channels for current flow. This setup allows devices to operate separately, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | A diode serves as a solid-state device that permits current to pass in a single direction only, acting as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in circuit networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12-volt, intended to provide electrical energy for different devices and add-ons inside of a vehicle. It enables users to power electronic electronics or operate small devices during on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for connecting hardware to PCs, enabling data transfer and power supply. It accommodates a variety of hardware such as keyboards, mice, external storage, and mobile phones, with multiple generations providing increased speeds and improved features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into electrical energy. Improving this efficiency plays a key role in increasing energy output and making solar power more cost-effective and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to R&D in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It is committed to advancing innovations in solar, wind power, bioenergy, and additional renewable sources to support a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses the entire range of EM radiation, extending from radio waves to gamma radiation, each with diverse wavelengths and energies. This band is crucial to a wide array of devices and natural events, allowing signal transmission, diagnostic imaging, and understanding of the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | UV light is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X-rays, primarily emitted by the solar radiation. It has a key role in including vitamin D production but can also result in skin damage and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color palette based on shades of a sole hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and accord. This design approach emphasizes clarity and elegance by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Radiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts/m². It is a crucial parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the strength of sunlight hitting a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | W/m2 is a standard unit used to measure the intensity of radiation or energy flow received or emitted over a specific area, often in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in understanding the dispersion and movement of energy across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of diverse tones or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or otherwise. It is commonly used to describe the distribution of light or signal bandwidths in various scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a large mass of air with comparatively even temperature and dampness features, coming from from specific starting regions. These air masses influence climate trends and air states as they move across various zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the measure of the intensity per square kilometer received from the solar source in the form of light. It changes with solar phenomena and Earth's weather systems, affecting weather patterns and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in solar power refers to the collection of debris, and impurities on the exterior of solar arrays, which diminishes their efficiency. Consistent upkeep and maintenance are essential to reduce energy decrease and guarantee optimal operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when no current is flowing, measured across its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the maximum electrical current that flows through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, takes place, skipping the normal load. It presents a major safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a indicator of the maximum power output of a solar panel under optimal sunlight conditions. It shows the panel's peak ability to create electricity in typical testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electronic device used to check the voltage between two locations in a electrical system. It is widely employed in various electrical and electronic applications to verify proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in PV modules where elevated voltage stress causes a notable reduction in power generation and efficiency. It occurs due to current leakage and ion movement within the solar cell components, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron serves as a metalloid chemical element necessary for plant development and applied in different industrial uses, like glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It possesses special chemical traits that make it beneficial in producing durable, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring ideal tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a stable and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A solar-powered power plant harnesses sunlight using large arrays of photovoltaic modules to create renewable electricity. It provides an eco-friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined practice of employing land for both solar energy output and farming, maximizing space and resources. This strategy improves crop production while at the same time creating renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar panels capable of capturing sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, enhancing overall energy output. They are usually installed in a way that improves effectiveness by leveraging albedo mirroring and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a framework that provides cover while generating electricity through built-in solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel setup is a assembly of numerous photovoltaic modules configured to generate electricity from sunlight. It is often used in renewable energy systems to deliver environmentally friendly, sustainable power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio shield is a framework that offers shade and cover from the elements for exterior areas. It boosts the functionality and look of a terrace, making it a pleasant zone for relaxation and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of bodies in the heavens relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a azimuth measured clockwise from a reference heading, typically true north, to the line linking an viewer to a target object. It is frequently used in navigation, land measurement, and astrophysics to specify the orientation of an target relative to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential muscle strains pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic material widely used in thin film solar panels due to its excellent performance and affordability. It exhibits superb optical characteristics, making it a common choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | An catalog of photovoltaics companies showcases the top manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are key in promoting solar energy implementation and advancement across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a measure of electricity equal to 1,000,000,000 watt, used to quantify large-scale energy generation and consumption. It is commonly associated with electricity stations, national grids, and large-scale energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar is a worldwide leader in photovoltaic (PV) energy solutions, expert in making thin film solar cells that provide high-performance and low-cost power output. The company is dedicated to green energy development and reducing the world dependency on fossil fuels through innovative solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in seamlessly linking various components of industrial and automated systems to improve efficiency and trustworthiness. It aims on building cutting-edge solutions that promote efficient communication and interoperability among various technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an top Chinese firm specializing in manufacturing and innovating photovoltaic photovoltaic items and systems. It is known for cutting-edge technology and eco-friendly energy programs within the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often utilized to represent the ability of massive power production or usage. It highlights the vast energy extent involved in modern power framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the concept where the production cost reduces as total output grows, due to gaining knowledge and improvements achieved over time. This concept highlights the value of accumulated experience in lowering costs and boosting output in manufacturing and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight immediately into electricity through semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This technology is a clean, sustainable energy source that assists reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of creating solar or wind energy becomes the same as or lower than the expense of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity indicates that sustainable energy technologies are cost-effectively comparable with fossil fuel-based fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the main electrical power supplied to houses and enterprises through a network of power lines, offering a reliable source of energy for various appliances. It generally operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the country, and is delivered through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all elements of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is crucial for ensuring the optimum and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | The sun's power is captured from the solar radiation using photovoltaic panels to generate electricity or through solar thermal systems to produce heat. It is a renewable, eco-friendly, and eco-conscious power supply that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in home, corporate, and factory environments to produce clean, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, providing green energy solutions where standard power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar-powered items features a selection of devices that capture sunlight to generate energy, promoting eco-friendly and sustainable living. These items include covering solar energy units and lights to home equipment and outdoor equipment, providing flexible options for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | A photovoltaic power station is a facility that generates sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels. It is a sustainable energy source that supports lowering reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics use optical lenses or reflectors to focus sunlight onto advanced photovoltaic cells, considerably increasing energy capture from a smaller area. This method is particularly effective in areas with direct, strong sunlight plus, it offers a promising approach to lowering the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
